Kuna iya karanta wannan rubutun akan bangon duhu ko haske: Juya Yanayin duhu/Haske

Mayan Calendar and year 2012

Mayakan zamanin dā sun kasance ƙwararrun masu lura da sararin sama. Tare da iliminsu na ilmin taurari da lissafi, sun haɓaka ɗayan ingantattun tsarin kalanda a tarihin ɗan adam. Domin a ƙirƙira tarihin abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi, Maya sun ƙirƙira kalandar Dogon Ƙidaya. Kwanan wata a cikin Dogon Count yana wakiltar lokaci tun daga ranar halitta, wato, tun farkon zamanin Mayan a 3114 BC. An rubuta kwanan wata da lambobi biyar, misali: 6.3.10.9.0. Wannan yana nufin cewa tun lokacin da aka fara kwanan watan: 6 baktuns, katuns 3, tuns 10, uinals 9 da 0 kin.

Kowane baktun kwanaki 144,000 (kamar shekaru 394)
Kowane katun kwana 7200 ne (kamar shekaru 20)
Kowane tun yana kwana 360 (kamar shekara 1)
Kowane uinal kwana 20 ne
kowane dangi kwana 1 ne kawai.

Saboda haka, kwanan wata 6.3.10.9.0 ta gaya mana cewa shekaru masu zuwa sun wuce tun farkon zamanin: 6 x 394 shekaru + 3 x 20 shekaru + shekaru 10 + 9 x 20 kwanaki + 0 kwanaki. Don haka, wannan kwanan wata na nufin kimanin shekaru 2435 bayan shekara ta 3114 BC, ko kuma shekara ta 679 BC.

Zamanin Mayan da ya gabata ya ƙare da kwanan wata 13.0.0.0.0 a cikin 3114 BC, kuma tun daga lokacin an ƙidaya kalandar Dogon ƙidaya daga sifili. Farkon abin da ya faru na kwanan wata 13.0.0.0.0 ya faɗi a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2012, kuma an ɗauki wannan ranar ƙarshen zagayowar shekaru 5125. Lambar 13 tana taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma ba a san kowa ba a cikin tsarin kalanda na Mesoamerican. Membobin ƙungiyoyin Sabon Age sun yi imanin cewa canji mai kyau na ruhaniya na mazauna duniya zai fara a ranar. Wasu kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa duniya za ta ƙare.

Masu bincike na al'adun Mayan da astronomy sun yarda cewa 2012 ba shi da ma'ana ta musamman ga waɗannan mutane. Tsawon lokacin sanyi a wannan rana shi ma bai taka rawar gani ba a cikin addini da al'adun Mayan. A cikin tsinkayar Maya, Aztecs da sauran mutanen Mesoamerican, ba a ambaci wani abu na kwatsam ko wani muhimmin abu da zai faru a shekara ta 2012. Haka nan Mayakan zamani ba su ɗauki wannan ranar da muhimmanci ba. Duk maganganun da kafofin watsa labarai ke yi game da ƙarshen duniya a cikin 2012 ba su da tabbas.

Bugu da ƙari, Dutsen Aztec Sun, wanda aka nuna sau da yawa a wannan lokacin, an yi kuskure. Wannan dutse ba shi da alaƙa da kalandar Long Count, amma yana gabatar da tatsuniya na Suns Biyar, wato tarihin duniya a cewar Aztecs. Yana ba da labari game da zagayowar duniya da bala'o'i, amma baya nufin 2012 ta kowace hanya. To mene ne makasudin wannan zage-zage? Bayan karanta wannan binciken, za ku san amsar wannan tambayar.

Kalandar Haab da Tzolk'in

Mayakan sun yi amfani da tsarin saduwa guda uku daban-daban a cikin layi daya: kalandar Long Count, Haab (kalandar farar hula), da Tzolk'in (kalandar Allah). Mayakan sun rubuta duk kwanakin ta amfani da waɗannan kalanda uku, misali, ta wannan hanya:
6.3.10.9.0, 2 Ajaw, 3 Keh (Long Count calendar, Tzolk'in, Haab).

A cikin waɗannan kalandar, Haab ne kawai ke da alaƙa kai tsaye ga tsawon shekara. Haab shine kalandar farar hula na Maya. Ya ƙunshi watanni 18 na kwanaki 20 kowanne, sai kuma ƙarin kwanaki 5 da ake kira Uayeb. Wannan yana ba da tsawon shekara na kwanaki 365. Ko da yake kalandar Haab kwanaki 365 ne kawai, Mayakan sun san cewa shekarar ta kasance ɗan guntu na kwana ɗaya. Wataƙila an fara amfani da kalandar Haab a kusan 550 BC.

Ana kiran kalanda mai tsarki na Maya Tzolk'in. Kwanan watan Tzolk'in haɗuwa ne na wata guda na kwanaki 20 masu suna da mako guda na kwanaki 13 masu ƙidaya. Samfurin na 13 sau 20 yayi daidai da 260, don haka Tzolk'in yana ba da kwanaki 260 na musamman. Ana ɗaukar kalanda na kwanaki 260 mafi tsufa kuma mafi mahimmanci na tsarin kalanda. Asalin manufar irin wannan kalandar, wacce ba ta da wata alaƙa ta zahiri da kowane yanayi na sararin samaniya ko yanayin ƙasa, ba a san shi daidai ba. Yawancin al'adu sun yi amfani da zagayowar kwanaki 260 a Amurka ta Tsakiya kafin Columbia - ciki har da waɗanda suka gabaci Maya. Wataƙila Tzolk'in an ƙirƙira shi ne a farkon ƙarni na farko BC ta Zapotecs ko Olmecs. Aztecs da Toltecs sun karɓi injiniyoyi na kalandar Mayan ba tare da canza su ba, amma sun canza sunayen kwanakin mako da watanni. Wannan tsarin kalanda ya kasance halayen mutanen Mesoamerican kuma ba a yi amfani da su a wasu yankuna ba.

Zagayen Kalanda

Tsohon Maya na da sha'awar zagayowar lokaci. Sun haɗa Tzolk'in na kwanaki 260 tare da Haab na kwanaki 365 zuwa zagayowar aiki tare da ake kira Calendar Round. Mafi ƙarancin adadin da za a iya raba daidai da 260 da 365 shine 18,980, don haka Zagayen Kalanda ya ɗauki kwanaki 18,980, ko kusan shekaru 52. Idan yau, misali, "4 Ahau, 8 Cumhu", to washegari fadowa kan "4 Ahau, 8 Cumhu", zai kasance kusan shekaru 52 bayan haka. Ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna amfani da Zagayen Kalanda a tsaunukan Guatemala. Daga cikin Aztecs, ƙarshen Calendar Round lokaci ne na firgita jama'a domin sun yi imani cewa a ƙarshen kowane zagayowar da alloli zasu iya halaka duniya. A kowace shekara 52, Indiyawa suna kallon bangarori huɗu na sararin sama sosai. Kowace shekara 52, suna jiran dawowar alloli cikin ƙwazo.

A ƙarshen Zagayen Kalanda na shekaru 52, an yi al'adar bikin Sabuwar Wuta. Manufarsu ba ta wuce don sabunta rana da tabbatar da sake zagayowar shekaru 52 ba. Sabbin bukukuwan Wuta ba su iyakance ga Aztec ba. Haƙiƙa, al’ada ce ta dā kuma wadda ta yaɗu. Sabuwar Wuta ta ƙarshe na al'ada a ƙarƙashin mulkin Aztec ana iya gudanar da shi daga Janairu 23 zuwa Fabrairu 4, 1507 (shekaru 12 kafin zuwan Mutanen Espanya). Ranar ƙarshe na Zagayen Kalanda na yanzu zai kasance Satumba 27, 2026.^(ref.)

’Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun yi imanin cewa kafin ƙarshen kowace shekara 52, alloli za su iya komawa duniya su halaka ta. Imani da wauta da yake da wuya a zo da wani abu makamancinsa. Idan kuma yana da wuya a fito da shi, watakila akwai gaskiya a cikinsa bayan haka? Ba za mu gano ba sai mun duba da kanmu. Ƙarshen kwanakin zagayowar 13 na ƙarshe sune kamar haka:

• 2026, Sep 27
• 1974, Oct 10
• 1922, Oct 23
• 1870, Nov 4
• 1818, Nov 17
• 1766, Nov 29
• 1714, Dec 12
• 1662, Dec 24
• 1611, Jan 6
• 1559, Jan 19
• 1507, Feb 1
• 1455, Feb 13
• 1403, Feb 26
• 1351, Mar 10

Bari mu dubi ƙarshen shekarun da aka jera a sama. Shin, kunã danganta su da wata musiba? Ina ganin akalla daya daga cikinsu ya kamata ku.

Babban annoba

Babban bala'i a tarihin ɗan adam shine Mutuwar Baƙar fata, wato annoba ta annoba, wacce ta kashe mutane miliyan 75-200. Ba a fayyace ranakun farkon da ƙarshen annobar ba, amma mafi girman ƙarfinta ya kasance a cikin 1347-1351. Wannan yana gab da ƙarshen zagayowar shekaru 52! Abin sha'awa, ko ba haka ba? An san wannan zagayowar ga Mayas da Aztec tun kafin annobar ta barke a Turai, amma duk da haka ko ta yaya suka yi nasarar buga jackpot. Watakila wannan lamari ne kawai...

Annobar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matsaloli da yawa da mutane suka yi fama da su a waɗannan shekarun. A lokacin annobar an kuma yi girgizar kasa mai karfi. Alal misali, a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1348, an ji girgizar ƙasa a Friuli (arewacin Italiya) a duk faɗin Turai. Tunani na zamani sun danganta girgizar da Mutuwar Baƙar fata, wanda ke haifar da fargabar cewa fassarwar Littafi Mai Tsarki ta iso. An ma sami ƙarin girgizar ƙasa a wannan lokacin. A cikin Janairu 1349, wata girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta girgiza yankin Apennine. A watan Maris na wannan shekarar, an kuma yi girgizar kasa a Ingila, da kuma a watan Satumba a kasar Italiya a yanzu. Ƙarshen ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga Rum Colosseum. Marubutan tarihin, waɗanda zan bayyana dalla-dalla a babin Mutuwar Baƙar fata, sun nuna cewa jerin bala'o'i sun fara da babban bala'i a Indiya a watan Satumba na 1347. Don haka, lokacin mafi yawan tashin hankali ya fara kusan shekaru 3.5 kafin ƙarshen. na Zagayen Kalanda kuma ya ƙare bayan shekaru 2, wato kusan shekaru 1.5 kafin ƙarshensa.

Shin kwatsam ne kawai annoba ta faru a waɗannan shekarun, ko kuwa mutanen Aztec sun mallaki wasu ilimin sirri da ba mu da su? Don ganowa, muna buƙatar duba wasu manyan bala'i. Idan har gaskiya ne cewa alloli suna ƙoƙarin halaka duniya a kowace shekara 52, to ya kamata a gano alamun waɗannan barna a cikin tarihi. Bari mu ga ko wani babban bala’i na tarihi ya faru daf da ƙarshen zagayowar shekaru 52. Yiwuwar cewa wani bala'i na musamman zai faru a cikin wannan lokacin kwatsam, kadan ne. Damar faruwarsa a cikin wannan shekarar ta sake zagayowar yana da ƙasa da 1 cikin 52 (2%). Don haka za mu hanzarta tabbatar da ko daidaituwar annoba tare da kalandar Mayan kawai haɗari ne ko kuma idan wani abu ne fiye da haka.

Babban girgizar kasa

Don haka bari mu bincika a wace shekara ce girgizar ƙasa mafi girma ta faru, wato wadda ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da yawa. Ya bayyana cewa, girgizar kasa mai karfin gaske ta faru a karni na 16 a lardin Shaanxi (China). Kimanin mutane 830,000 ne suka mutu a lokacin! Kisan gilla ne gaba ɗaya, kuma dole ne mu tuna cewa ya faru a lokacin da mutane sama da goma sha biyu suka yi ƙasa a duniya fiye da na yau. Asarar da aka yi dangane da yawan mutanen duniya ya kai kamar mutane miliyan 13.6 ne suka mutu a yau! Wannan bala'i ya faru ne a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1556, wato shekaru 3 kafin ƙarshen Calendar Round! Yiwuwar girgizar kasa mafi girma za ta faru kwatsam a cikin wannan shekarar kafin karshen zagayowar kamar yadda babbar annoba ta ragu sosai. Duk da haka, ta wata mu'ujiza ta faru!

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mafi ƙarfi

Yanzu bari mu dubi wani irin bala'i. Yaya game da fashewar volcanic? Ƙarfin fashewar volcanic ana auna shi ta Ƙarfin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙarar Wuta (VEI) - tsarin rarrabawa wanda ya ɗan yi kama da girman ma'aunin girgizar ƙasa.

Ma'auni ya tashi daga 0 zuwa 8, tare da kowane digiri na VEI na gaba sau 10 fiye da na baya. "0" shine fashewa mafi rauni, kusan ba a iya fahimta. Kuma "8" wani fashewa ne na "mega-colossal" wanda zai iya canza yanayi a duk duniya har ma ya kai ga halakar nau'in nau'i. Barkewar kwanan nan na mafi girman digiri ya faru kusan shekaru 26.5 da suka wuce. Tabbas, ba zai yiwu a tantance ainihin shekararta ba. Don haka, bari mu yi la’akari da fashewar abubuwan da aka san ainihin shekarar.

Fashewar irin wannan mafi karfi ita ce ta dutsen Tambora na kasar Indonesia, wanda ya faru kimanin shekaru dari biyu da suka gabata. Ba wai kawai tashin hankali ba ne, amma har ma mafi ban tsoro. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka mutu daga faɗuwar pyroclastic ko kuma yunwa da cututtuka da suka biyo baya. An ƙididdige ƙarfin fashewar a VEI-7 (super-colossal). Ya fashe da karfi har aka ji shi sama da kilomita 2000 (mil 1,200). Wataƙila ita ce fashewa mafi ƙarfi a cikin ƴan shekaru dubu da suka gabata! Fashewar Tambora ta fitar da dubban tonnes na iska mai iska (sulfide gas mahadi) zuwa sararin sama (stratosphere). Babban iskar gas da ke nuna hasken rana, ya haifar da sanyi mai yawa da aka sani da sanyi mai aman wuta tare da ruwan sama mai yawa, dusar ƙanƙara a watan Yuni da Yuli a arewaci, rashin amfanin gona da yawa, da yunwa. Don haka, shekarar da ke biye da fashewar ana kiranta da Shekarar da babu bazara.

Dutsen Tambora ya fashe a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1815. Shekaru 3 da watanni 7 kenan kafin ƙarshen zagayowar shekara 52! Wani bugun idon bijimin! Na yi alkawari ba zan ƙara raina gumakan Aztec ba. Yanzu na fara jin tsoronsu...

Yiwuwar daidaituwa

Mu yi tunani cikin nutsuwa game da ainihin abin da ke faruwa a nan. Tun a da da dadewa, ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun kasance a hankali suna yin alamar zagayowar shekaru 52, suna gaskata cewa a wani lokaci kafin ƙarshen zagayowar, alloli na iya yin ɓarna kuma su halaka duniya. Mun san cewa duk tsoffin al'adu suna da wasu baƙon imani, amma haka ya faru cewa kwanakin bala'o'in tarihi sun tabbatar da imanin tsoffin Amurkawa. Dukan manyan bala’o’i uku sun faru a cikin shekara ɗaya na zagayowar shekaru 52!

Yanzu bari mu ƙididdige yiwuwar cewa hakan ya kasance kawai daidaituwa. Zagayowar tana da shekaru 52. Yiwuwar mummunar annoba da ta faru kafin ƙarshen zagayowar ya dogara da shekaru nawa a cikin zagayowar da ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙarshen zagayowar. Bari mu ɗauka cewa shekaru 5 ne na ƙarshe. A wannan yanayin, yiwuwar bugawa shine 5 cikin 52 (10%). Kuma daman girgizar kasa mafi girma da ta faru a cikin wannan shekarar ta sake zagayowar ita ce kashi 1 cikin 52 (2%). Amma tun da jerin bala'o'i a lokacin Mutuwar Baƙar fata ya kasance na tsawon shekaru 2, ya kamata mu ɗauka cewa lokacin bala'in ma yana da shekaru 2. Bisa ga waɗannan ƙarin ƙididdiga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, damar da za a iya kaiwa lokacin bala'i shine 2 cikin 52 (4%). Bari yanzu mu ci gaba da kirgawa. Damar cewa mafi girman fashewar aman wuta kuma zai faru a cikin wannan shekaru 2 kafin ƙarshen zagayowar shine 2 cikin 52 (4%). Don haka, yuwuwar duk abubuwan da suka faru guda uku sun faru kwatsam a cikin wannan lokacin shine samfuran dukkan yuwuwar. Don haka, daidai yake da (5/52) x (2/52) x (2/52), wanda shine 1 cikin 7030! – Wannan shi ne yuwuwar cewa duk bala’o’i uku sun faru kwatsam a cikin wannan lokacin. Don haka ba zai iya zama kwatsam ba! Aztecs sun yi gaskiya! Babban bala'i hakika yana faruwa a kowace shekara 52!

Guguwar mafi muni

A cikin wannan shekarar na zagayowar, abubuwa uku mafi muni sun faru: annoba, girgizar ƙasa, da fashewar aman wuta. Wane ra'ayi ne na kashe mutane allolin Aztec suka fito da su? Wataƙila hadari? Ina ganin ba zai yi zafi a duba shi ba.

Game da guguwa, mafi muni guda huɗu sun faru a ƙarni na 20. Wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne, domin a lokacin an riga an sami biliyoyin mutane a duniya, don haka ya fi sauƙi a yi sanadin asarar rayuka masu yawa. Tun da farko mahaukaciyar guguwa ba su da damar kaiwa wannan matsayi. Babu ɗayan waɗannan guguwa na zamani da ya faru a ƙarshen zagayowar. Amma ina ganin zai fi ma'ana idan aka duba adadin wadanda guguwar ta shafa dangane da yawan mutanen duniya a shekarar da bala'in ya shafa.

Guguwa mafi muni dangane da al'ummar duniya ita ce wadda ta afkawa Grand Harbor na Malta da karfi a karni na 16.^(ref.) Ya fara ne a matsayin magudanar ruwa, inda ya nutse da manyan kwalekwalen guda hudu tare da kashe mutane sama da 600. Akwai lokuta daban-daban na wannan bala'i: daga 1551 zuwa 1556. Na bincika tushen waɗannan kwanakin a hankali kuma na gano cewa kwanan wata mafi aminci ga wannan taron shine wanda aka samo a cikin littafin. „Histoire de Malte” daga 1840.^{(ref., ref.)} Kuma wannan shine 23 ga Satumba, 1555. Don haka wannan babbar guguwa ta bayyana shekaru 3 da watanni 4 kafin ƙarshen zagayowar! Wannan wani bala'i ne da ke da alaƙa da zagayowar shekaru 52 na bala'i. Yiwuwar wannan duka zama kwatsam, bisa ga lissafina, ya ragu zuwa 1 cikin 183,000.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, a cikin wannan watan ne guguwar ta afku a Malta, wata girgizar kasa mai karfi ta afku a yankin Kashmir, wanda kuma ya kashe mutane 600.^(ref.) A lokacin wannan girgizar kasar, motsin ɓawon ƙasa ya yi yawa har aka ce an ƙaura ƙauyuka biyu zuwa wancan gefen kogin. Lura kuma cewa duka waɗannan bala'o'in sun faru ne kawai watanni 4 kafin babbar girgizar ƙasa (Girgizar Shaanxi na 1556). Allolin sun yi fushi sosai a lokacin.

Shekaru na bala'i

Jerin girgizar asa a lokacin Mutuwar Baƙar fata ya kasance daga tsakiyar shekara ta 49 na zagayowar zuwa tsakiyar shekara ta 51st na zagayowar shekaru 52. Na yi imani cewa wannan kusan tsawon shekaru 2 na kowane zagayowar yana da alaƙa da haɓakar haɗarin bala'o'i iri daban-daban. Mafi girman tsananin bala'o'i yana faruwa ne a tsakiyar wannan lokacin, wato a cikin shekara ta 50 na zagayowar. A cikin sake zagayowar da suka gabata, tsakiyar lokacin bala'in ya kasance a cikin shekaru masu zuwa:

1348 - 1400 - 1452 - 1504 - 1556 - 1608 - 1660 - 1712 - 1764 - 1816 - 1868 - 1920 - 1972 - 2024

Yana da kyau a matsar da waɗannan lambobi zuwa mashigin adireshin mai binciken, domin za mu duba su kowane lokaci. Za mu bincika ko wasu manyan bala'o'i sun faɗi daidai da wannan zagayowar.

Fashewar wutar lantarki

Bari yanzu mu koma dutsen mai aman wuta. Mun riga mun saba da fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta ta Tambora, amma bari mu bincika ko wasu manyan fashewar ma sun faru a cikin shekaru 2 na bala'in bala'i. Na shirya tebur wanda ke nuna duk fashewar volcanic tare da girman VEI-7, tun daga karni na 14. Jerin gajere ne. Baya ga Tambora, an sami fashewar fashewar abubuwa guda biyu kawai a wannan lokacin.

1465

A matsayi na biyu kuma shi ne fashewar dutse mai cike da ban mamaki da aka yi a shekara ta 1465. Masana kimiyya da ke nazarin kankara sun gano cewa dusar kankarar da aka ajiye a shekarar 1465 tana dauke da ruwan wuta mai yawa. Daga nan suka zayyana cewa tabbas an samu fashewar wani abu mai girma a lokacin. Duk da haka, masana ilimin volcano ba su sami damar gano dutsen mai aman wuta da ya barke a lokacin ba.

1452-1453

A matsayi na uku akwai fashewar dutsen Kuwait, wanda ya kori 108  km³ na lava da toka zuwa cikin iska. Babban fashewar dutsen Kuwaite a Vanuatu a Kudancin Pacific daga baya ya haifar da sanyi a duniya. Fashewar ta fitar da sulfate fiye da duk wani lamari a cikin shekaru 700 da suka gabata. Ƙunƙarar ƙanƙara ta nuna cewa dutsen mai aman wuta ya barke a ƙarshen shekara ta 1452 ko kuma farkon 1453. Mai yiyuwa ne fashewar ta ci gaba har na tsawon watanni da yawa, a farkon waɗannan shekarun. Wannan fashewa ya faru daidai a lokacin bala'i! Don haka muna da ƙarin tabbaci na ka'idar bisa ga abin da babban bala'i ke faruwa a cyclically. Kuma har yanzu ba duka...

Girgizar kasa

Mu koma ga girgizar kasa. Na tattara jerin mafi munin bala'in irin wannan a hankali. Na yi la'akari da girgizar asa na shekaru 1,000 na ƙarshe, saboda ana iya ɗaukar kwanakin abubuwan da suka faru a wannan lokacin. A cikin tebur, na lissafa duk girgizar asa da aƙalla mutane 200,000 suka mutu. Domin a fayyace, ina so in kara da cewa lissafin bai hada da girgizar kasa ba inda adadin wadanda suka mutu ya haura 200,000 bisa ga wasu bayanai, amma idan aka yi nazari a hankali, wadannan alkaluma sun zama abin kima. Irin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da: Girgizar kasa ta Haiti (2010) - 100,000 zuwa 316,000 da suka mutu (mafi girman adadi ya fito ne daga kididdigar gwamnati da ake zargi da yin kumbura da gangan);^(ref.) Tabris (1780);^(ref.) Tabris (1721);^(ref.) Sham (1202);^(ref.) Aleppo (1138).^(ref.) Shafin na hannun dama ya nuna adadin wadanda suka mutu dangane da yawan al'ummar duniya, wanda shine adadin mutanen da za su mutu idan irin wannan girgizar kasa ta faru a yau.

1505

Girgizar kasa ta Lo Mustang ta afku ne a kasar Nepal kuma ta shafi kudancin China. Akwai kaɗan kaɗan game da wannan taron. Ba a san takamaimai adadin asarar da ya haddasa ba. A cewar majiyoyin zamani, kusan kashi 30% na mutanen Nepal sun mutu a girgizar ƙasa. A yau, wannan zai zama mutane miliyan 8.6. A cikin ƙarni na 16, dole ne ya kasance aƙalla 500,000, wanda ya sa ta yiwu ɗaya daga cikin girgizar ƙasa mafi muni a tarihi. Wannan girgizar ƙasa ta faru a cikin 1505, wanda shine daidai lokacin shekaru 2 na bala'i!

1920

Girgizar kasar Haiyuan mai karfin awo 8.6 a ma'aunin Richter, ta haddasa zabtarewar kasa a lardin Gansu (China), inda mutane 273,400 suka mutu. Fiye da mutane 70,000 ne suka mutu a gundumar Haiyuan kadai, wanda ya kai kashi 59% na yawan jama'ar lardin. Girgizar kasar ta haifar da zabtarewar kasa mafi muni a tarihi, inda ta yi asarar rayuka sama da 32,500.^(ref.) Wannan girgizar ƙasa kuma ta faru a lokacin bala'i!

1139

Girgizar kasa ta Ganja ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi munin aukuwar girgizar kasa a tarihi. Ya shafi Daular Seljuk da Masarautar Jojiya (Azerbaijan da Jojiya a yau). Kiyasin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya sha banban, amma ya kai akalla 230,000. Bala'in ya faru ne shekaru 3 da watanni 7 kafin karshen Zagayen Kalanda, wanda kuma ya kasance a lokacin bala'in!

Duk manyan girgizar ƙasa huɗu sun faru a cikin shekaru 2 na bala'i! Uku daga cikinsu kuma sun kasance mafi girma dangane da yawan al'ummar duniya. Ƙananan girgizar asa sun faru a cikin shekaru bazuwar.

1976

Bisa alkaluma daban-daban, mutane tsakanin 100,000 zuwa 700,000 ne suka mutu a girgizar kasar Tangshan. Waɗannan ƙididdiga mafi girma sun wuce gona da iri. Hukumar kula da girgizar kasa ta kasar Sin ta bayyana cewa, mutane 242,419 ne suka mutu a girgizar kasar, wanda ya nuna adadin da kamfanin dillancin labarai na Xinhua ya bayar. Hukumar kula da girgizar kasa ta kasar Sin ta kuma danganta mutuwar mutane 242,769. Wannan girgizar kasar ta faru ne a wannan zamani, inda ake da yawan jama'a, don haka adadin wadanda suka mutu ya yi yawa. Koyaya, dangane da yawan al'ummar duniya, asarar da aka yi ba ta kai ga girgizar asa da aka ambata ba.

2004

Tsunami Tekun Indiya wani lamari ne da yawancin mu ke tunawa. A wannan yanayin, ba girgizar ƙasa ce ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar ba, amma babban igiyar ruwa da ta haifar. Mutane a kasashe 14 daban-daban sun mutu, yawancinsu a Indonesia.

1303

Mummunar girgizar kasa ta Hongdong ta afku a yankin daular Mongol (China ta yau).

Geomagnetic hadari

Yanzu da muka san cewa bala'i a duniya yana faruwa a cikin hawan keke, yana da kyau a duba ko sake zagayowar bala'i kuma yana shafar abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya, kamar walƙiyar hasken rana. Amma da farko, bari in ba ku taƙaitaccen bayanin da ake buƙata don fahimtar wannan batu.

Ficewar hasken rana shine fitowar kwatsam na adadin kuzari da Rana ta haifar sakamakon bacewar filin maganadisu. Wutar tana ɗaukar makamashi a cikin nau'in igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki da kogunan barbashi (electrons, protons, da ions). A lokacin firar hasken rana, zazzagewar ƙwayar cuta ta coronal (CME) na iya faruwa. Wannan babban gajimare ne na plasma da Rana ta jefa cikin sararin samaniyar duniya. Wadannan manyan gizagizai na plasma suna tafiya tazarar tsakanin Rana da Duniya cikin sa'o'i zuwa kwanaki.

Lokacin fitar da kwayar cutar coronal taro ya isa duniya, yana haifar da hargitsi a filin maganadisu na duniya, wanda ake kira guguwar geomagnetic. Aurorae sai ya bayyana kusa da sandunan sama. Tsananin guguwar geomagnetic na iya lalata grid ɗin wutar lantarki a kan ɗimbin wurare, rushe hanyoyin sadarwa na rediyo, da lalata tauraron dan adam.

Yawan zafin hasken rana da guguwar geomagnetic ya dogara da lokacin ayyukan hasken rana, kuma wannan ya bambanta a cyclically. Hawan rana yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 11. Wani lokaci kadan ya fi guntu, wani lokacin kuma ya fi tsayi. Zagayewar yana farawa da ƙaramin aikin hasken rana, kuma bayan kimanin shekaru 3-5 ya kai iyakarsa. Bayan haka, aikin yana raguwa na kimanin shekaru 6-7 har sai zagayowar rana ta gaba ta fara. A cikin matsakaicin lokaci, Rana tana jujjuya sandunan maganadisu. Wannan yana nufin cewa igiyar maganadisu ta arewa na Rana tana musanya da sandar kudu. Haka kuma za a iya cewa wannan zagayowar shekara 11 rabin shekara ce ta 22, bayan haka sandunan suka koma matsayinsu na asali.

A wasu lokuta kusa da mafi ƙarancin rana, ayyukan Rana ba su da yawa. Wannan yana bayyana ta ƙananan adadin wuraren rana. A lokacin iyakar hasken rana, aikin hasken rana yana da ƙarfi kuma akwai tabo da yawa. Wannan shi ne lokacin da adadi mai yawa na walƙiya na hasken rana da fitar da yawan jama'a ke faruwa. Fitowar hasken rana na kowane girman da aka ba shi yana da yawa sau 50 a iyakar hasken rana fiye da mafi ƙanƙanta.

Na sami mafi tsananin guguwar geomagnetic da aka taɓa yin rikodin kuma na jera su a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa. Bari mu bincika ko faruwar su yana da alaƙa da zagayowar shekaru 52. Yana da kyau a lura cewa jerin manyan guguwar geomagnetic wani lokaci sun haɗa da hadari irin su taron ranar Bastille (Yuli 2000) da guguwar rana ta Halloween (Oktoba 2003). Duk da haka, bayan an duba sosai.^{(ref., ref.)} Na gano cewa waɗannan guguwa biyu ba su da ƙarfi kamar waɗanda aka nuna a tebur.

1859

Lamarin na Carrington ya kasance ta mafi yawan ma'auni mafi tsananin guguwar rana da aka taɓa rubutawa. An bayar da rahoton cewa na’urorin Telegraph sun yi wa ma’aikatan wutar lantarki wuta tare da haddasa kananan gobara. Guguwar ta yi tsanani sosai har aurora borealis ana iya gani ko da a wurare masu zafi.

1921

Guguwar Railroad na New York ita ce guguwar geomagnetic mafi girma a karni na 20. Aurora mafi nisa (mafi ƙasƙanci latitude) an rubuta shi. Lamarin dai ya samu suna ne sakamakon katsewar jiragen kasa a birnin New York sakamakon gobarar da ta tashi a wata hasumiya da tashar telegraph. Ya kona fis da na'urorin lantarki. Ya haifar da katsewar sadarwa baki daya na tsawon sa'o'i da dama. Idan guguwar ta 1921 ta faru a yau, za a sami tsangwama ga tsarin fasaha da yawa, kuma zai kasance mai mahimmanci, tare da tasirin da suka haɗa da duhun lantarki, gazawar sadarwa, har ma da asarar wasu tauraron dan adam. Yawancin masana suna ɗaukar taron na 1859 a matsayin guguwar geomagnetic mafi ƙarfi a rikodi. Amma sabbin bayanai sun nuna cewa guguwar Mayun 1921 zata iya daidaita ko ma ta mamaye taron Carrington cikin tsanani.^(ref.) Kuma menene mafi ban sha'awa, wannan guguwar maganadisu ta faru ne kawai a cikin lokacin bala'in da ake tsammanin!

1730

Guguwar rana ta 1730 ta kasance aƙalla mai tsanani kamar abin da ya faru a 1989, amma ba ta da ƙarfi fiye da taron Carrington.^(ref.)

1972

Guguwar rana ta 1972 ita ce mafi girman yanayin barbashi na rana ta wasu matakan. An yi rikodin jigilar CME mafi sauri. Ita ce guguwar geomagnetic mafi haɗari a zamanin jirgin sama. Ya haifar da rugujewar fasahohin fasaha mai tsanani da kuma fashewar nakiyoyin ruwa da yawa da ke jan hankali cikin haɗari.^(ref.) Wannan guguwar kuma ta faru a cikin shekarar da ta yi daidai da zagayowar shekaru 52 na bala'i!

1989

Rashin wutar lantarki na Quebec na 1989 ya kasance ta wani bangare mafi tsananin guguwa na zamanin jirgin sama. Ya rufe grid ɗin wutar lantarki na lardin Quebec (Kanada).

Daga cikin manyan guguwar geomagnetic guda biyar da aka yi rikodin, uku sun faru kusa da iyakar ayyukan hasken rana. Guguwar 1859 da 1989 ta faru ne 'yan watanni kafin iyakar hasken rana. Guguwar 1730 kuma ta faru a kusa da lokacin mafi girman aiki, wato shekaru 1-2 bayan matsakaicin (ba a samun ainihin bayanai daga wannan lokacin). Za mu iya ganin cewa lokacin waɗannan guguwa guda uku ya yi daidai da sanannun zagayowar rana na shekaru 11.

Sabanin haka, sauran guguwa guda biyu sun faru a lokacin ƙananan ayyukan hasken rana, tsawon lokaci bayan matsakaicin matsayi na hasken rana, a lokaci mafi kusa da mafi ƙanƙanta. Waɗannan guguwa biyu kwata-kwata ba su da alaƙa da zagayowar rana na shekaru 11. Kuma abu mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa guguwa biyu sun faru ne gabanin ƙarshen zagayowar shekaru 52 da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka suka sani! Da alama ikon gumakansu ya kai nisa fiye da Duniya kuma yana iya haifar da babban walƙiya akan Rana!

Meteor

Yana da kyau a ambata a nan wani sabon abu da ya faru a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1972, wato, a lokacin babban guguwar geomagnetic. A wannan rana wani meteor ya bayyana a sararin sama, wanda bai fado a doron kasa ba, amma ya koma sararin samaniya. Wannan lamari ne da ba kasafai ba, wanda aka lura da shi sau kadan ya zuwa yanzu. Auna tsakanin mita 3 zuwa 14 ƙwallon wuta ya wuce tsakanin kilomita 57 (35 mi) na saman Duniya. Ya shiga sararin duniya a cikin gudun kilomita 15/s (9.3 mi/s) akan Utah (Amurka), sannan ya wuce arewa, ya fita daga sararin sama a kan Alberta (Kanada).

Ina tsammanin wannan lamari na iya samun wani abu da ya shafi maganadisu. Lamarin ya faru ne a lokacin guguwar geomagnetic. Bayan haka, meteor ya buge iska daga sararin samaniya a cikin yankin Kanada, a kusa da igiya na Magnetic arewacin duniya, inda filin maganadisu ya fi karfi. Mai yiyuwa ne meteor ya kasance magnetized kuma filin maganadisu na duniya ya tunkude shi.

Timeline of cataclysms

Bari yanzu mu duba daya bayan daya abin da ya faru a kowane lokaci na bala'i. Har yanzu, na ba da shekarun da ake tsammanin mafi girman bala'i:
1348 - 1400 - 1452 - 1504 - 1556 - 1608 - 1660 - 1712 - 1764 - 1816 - 1868 - 1920 - 2024
mafi yawan wadannan shekaru suna hade da wasu manyan bala'i.

1347-1351 AD	Mutuwar Baƙar fata ta kashe mutane miliyan 75-200. Babban tsananin cutar a cikin shekara ta 1348.
1348 AD	Janairu 25. Babban girgizar kasa a Friuli (arewacin Italiya) ya kashe sama da mutane 40,000.
1452-1453 AD	Fashewar da girman VEI-7 na Kuwait volcano a Vanuatu ya fitar da sulfate fiye da kowane lamari a cikin shekaru 700 da suka gabata.
1505 AD	Yuni 6. Girgizar kasa ta Lo Mustang ta kashe kusan kashi 30% na al'ummar Nepal. Wataƙila ita ce girgizar ƙasa mafi muni ta biyu a tarihi.
1555 AD	Satumba 23. Babban Harbour na Malta guguwa ta kashe akalla mutane 600. Ita ce guguwar da ta fi kashe mutane a duniya. A cikin wannan watan ne kasa ta girgiza a yankin Kashmir.
1556 AD	Fabrairu 2. Girgizar kasa mafi muni a tarihi ta faru ne a lardin Shaanxi (China). An kashe mutane 830,000.
1815 AD	Afrilu 10. Fashewar Dutsen Tambora (Indonesia). Watakila fashewar aman wuta mafi karfi a cikin 'yan shekaru dubu da suka gabata kuma mafi muni a tarihi (kimanin wadanda suka mutu 100,000). Ya haifar da lokacin sanyi na volcanic na 1816 (abin da ake kira Year Without Summer).
1868 AD	Janairu 30. Wani babban meteorite ya fadi a kusa da Pułtusk (Poland).(ref.) Wannan al'amari ya kasance a bayyane daga babban yanki na Turai: daga Estonia zuwa Hungary da kuma daga Jamus zuwa Belarus. meteoroid ya fashe a cikin yanayin duniya, inda ya farfasa zuwa kananan guda 70,000. Jimillar tarkacen da aka samu shine ton 9, kuma a wannan yanayin shine faduwar meteorite mafi girma na biyu (bayan Sikhote-Alin a 1947 - 23 ton).(ref.) Pułtusk meteorite yana cikin chondrite na kowa, wanda ke da babban abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa ya fito ne daga bel na asteroid da ke tsakanin Mars da Jupiter.
1868 AD	Agusta 13. Girgizar kasa ta Arica ta girgiza kudancin Peru tare da matsakaicin girman Mercalli na XI (Extreme), wanda ya haifar da bala'in tsunami mai tsayin mita 16 wanda ya afkawa Hawaii da New Zealand. Kiyasin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya bambanta sosai daga 25,000 zuwa 70,000.(ref.) Duba hoto da cikakken girman: 2472 x 1771px
1920 AD	Girgizar kasa ta Haiyuan a kasar Sin ta haifar da zaftarewar kasa; Mutane 273,400 ne suka mutu. Ita ce girgizar kasa ta uku mafi muni a tarihi sannan kuma ita ce zabtarewar kasa mafi muni a tarihi.(ref.)
1921 AD	Mayu 13-15. Mafi tsananin guguwar geomagnetic na karni na 20.
1972 AD	Agusta 2-11. Babban guguwar geomagnetic (ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma da aka taɓa yin rikodin).
1972 AD	Agusta 10. Babban meteor ya bayyana a sararin sama.
2023-2025 AD	???

Taƙaice

Yawancin manyan bala'o'i sun faru a cikin shekaru 2, kafin ƙarshen zagayowar shekaru 52. A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci ne abin da ya faru:
- annoba mafi girma a tarihi
- girgizar asa mafi girma guda huɗu
- biyu daga cikin manyan fashe-fashe masu aman wuta guda uku
- duka manyan guguwar geomagnetic da suka wuce iyakar ayyukan hasken rana
- guguwa mafi muni.

Yiwuwar cewa duk waɗannan bala'o'i sun zo daidai kwatsam a cikin wannan lokacin shine ɗaya cikin miliyoyin da yawa. Wannan ba zai yiwu ba. Za mu iya tabbata cewa mafi girma caaclysms faruwa a cyclically. Ya kamata a lura da cewa cyclicity ba ya shafi kananan cataclysms.

A lokacin bala'i, kuma manyan meteors sun bayyana akai-akai fiye da yadda aka saba. Daya daga cikinsu ya taba yanayi ya tashi zuwa sararin samaniya don neman karin abubuwan da suka faru, dayan kuma ya fashe a cikin sararin samaniya ya kuma fasa dubun dubatar.

Lamarin, wanda shi ne na farko dangane da zagayowar shekaru 52, shi ne fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta ta Tambora (1815), wanda ya faru shekaru 3 da watanni 7 kafin karshen zagayowar. Na baya-bayan nan shi ne babban hadari na Railroad na New York (1921), wanda ya faru shekara 1 da watanni 5 kafin karshen zagayowar. 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun jira wannan shekara da rabi don tabbatarwa, kafin su yi bikin farkon lokacin lafiya. Don haka zamu iya yanke shawarar cewa lokacin bala'o'i yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 2 da watanni 2.

Mutuwar Baƙar fata ta kasance bala'i na zagayowar guda ɗaya, amma mafi girman girma. Wani muhimmin sashi na bil'adama ya mutu a lokacin. Annobar ta kasance tare da jerin bala'o'i. Na farko ya faru shekaru 3 da watanni 6 kafin ƙarshen zagayowar, kuma na ƙarshe - shekara 1 da watanni 6 kafin ƙarshen. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da jerin bala'o'i suka faru ya zo daidai da lokacin bala'i.

Mayakan suna da ingantaccen ilimin taurari kuma sun daɗe suna sane da wanzuwar zagayowar bala'i. Duk da haka, ilimin taurari na zamani babu shakka ya ma fi ci gaba. Babu wani abu da zai iya zama boyayye ga masana kimiyya a yau. Saboda haka, sirrin bala'i na cyclical tabbas sananne ne a gare su. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin wayewar biyu shi ne, ’yan Indiyawan Amurkawa sun ba da iliminsu ga al'umma, yayin da a wurinmu ilimi mai kima yana samuwa ga masu mulki kawai. Talakawa sun san kawai abin da suke bukata don yin aiki da kyau da kuma biyan haraji. An kiyaye ilimi game da bala'in cyclical daga gare mu.

Planet X?

Idan akwai zagayowar bala'o'i, to dole ne kuma a sami dalilin hakan. Abubuwan al'amura irin su hasken rana da faɗuwar meteorite sun nuna cewa ya kamata a nemi abubuwan da ke haifar da zagayowar a wajen Duniya. Hakanan ana nuna tushen zagayowar sararin samaniya ta hanyar da ba a saba gani ba, wanda mai yiwuwa ana samunsa ne kawai a sararin samaniya - taurari suna kewaya Rana a cikin zagayowar yau da kullun. Don haka, dole ne a sami wani abu a cikin sararin samaniya wanda yake bayyana akai-akai kuma yana hulɗa da Rana da Duniya Indiyawan Amurkawa sun yi imanin cewa alloli ne ke da alhakin faruwar bala'i. Duk da haka, a zamanin da an gano alloli tare da taurari. Alal misali, a cikin tatsuniyar Helenanci, mafi mahimmancin alloli shine Zeus. Takwaransa a tatsuniyar Romawa shine allahn Jupiter. An gano alloli biyu tare da mafi girman duniya - Jupiter. Saboda haka, ina tsammanin za a iya ɗauka cewa Indiyawa suna magana game da taurari lokacin da suke magana game da alloli suna haifar da bala'i.

Akwai ra'ayoyin bala'i waɗanda ke ɗaukan wanzuwar ƙarin, duniyar da ba a sani ba - Planet X, wanda ya kamata ya kewaya Rana a cikin sararin samaniya mai tsayi. Idan aka yi la’akari da cewa a zahiri irin wannan duniyar ta wanzu, za a iya gabatar da kididdiga ta cewa duk shekara 52 tana tunkarar tsakiyar Tsarin Rana. Lokacin da jikin sama mai girma ya zo kusa da duniya, to sai ya fara shafar duniyarmu da nauyi, yana haifar da bala'i. Babban ƙarfin jan hankali yana aiki akan faranti na tectonic kuma yana sa su fara motsi. Wannan na iya bayyana irin faruwar girgizar ƙasa akai-akai a lokutan bala'i. Fashewar aman wuta na da alaka da girgizar kasa. Duk waɗannan abubuwan biyu suna faruwa akai-akai a mahaɗin farantin tectonic. Ƙaruwar matsin lamba a ɗakunan magma, wanda janyo hankalin Planet X ya haifar, na iya haifar da fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta.

Planet X yana rinjayar ba kawai Duniya ba, amma dukan tsarin hasken rana. Ta hanyar tasirinta akan Rana ko ta yaya yakan haifar da ficewar rana. Planet X kuma yana jan hankalin ƙananan abubuwa masu kewaya Rana, kamar meteoroids da asteroids. Miliyoyin duwatsu masu girma dabam dabam-dabam suna kewayawa a cikin bel ɗin taurari tsakanin Mars da Jupiter. Wannan shi ne inda Pułtusk meteorite ya fito. A al'ada, asteroids a hankali suna kewaya Rana, amma idan Planet X ya bayyana a kusa, ya fara jawo su. Wasu meteoroids sun fidda daga yanayin su kuma suna tashi ta hanyoyi daban-daban ta Tsarin Rana. Wasu daga cikinsu sun bugi Duniya. Wannan zai bayyana faɗuwar meteorite akai-akai yayin lokacin bala'i.

Planet X yana mu'amala da Duniya da Tsarin Rana a zagaye-zagaye, kowace shekara 52. Tasirinsa yana ɗaukar kowane lokaci kusan shekaru 2. Wannan shine inda lokutan shekaru 2 na bala'i suka fito. Wannan ka'ida ce mara kyau kuma ba ta cika ba, amma ga babin farko, yakamata ya wadatar. Daga baya zan dawo kan wannan batu kuma in yi ƙoƙarin yin cikakken bincike kan musabbabin bala'o'i.